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Behavior and Development

What's Happening at 5

You'll see increased focus and cooperation this year. By Marian Edelman Borden

These guidelines are meant to be general indicators of development, since every child develops at her own pace. There is a broad range of what is considered "normal." It's not unusual for a child to be advanced in one area, lag slightly in another. Check with your doctor if you have concerns.

Five-year-olds are more focused and directed than younger preschoolers. They can cooperate in larger groups to play simple games (kickball, tag) and they plan their dramatic play with specific roles and rules for all the participants. They have rich imaginations, and their language is expressive and detailed. Friendships are very important.

Language
They are learning about:
  • all kinds of books, and have personal favorites by subject or author
  • recognizing all the letters of the alphabet, spelling their own name, favorite words, associating letters (consonants) with sounds
  • drawing a representational picture
  • retelling a story verbally, as well as through drawings or through dramatizations
  • predicting what comes next in a story through pictures and story content
  • participating in a class discussion, including waiting to speak until called on
Physical
They are developing:
  • large-motor skills. Stronger eye-hand coordination results in improved kicking, catching, and throwing. Can play games and follow simple rules with scoring (for example, kickball).
  • small-motor skills. Their grasp is more effective; can use scissors to cut on a line; manipulate tweezers or other tools (for science); and use smaller brushes, crayons, and markers.
Intellectual
They are learning about:
  • sorting and classifying using two categories (for example, by size and color)
  • graphing (for example, the class might develop a graph to represent family pets: how many children have dogs for pets; how many cats; how many gerbils; how many birds? Another graph might represent the students' birthdays by months: how many have birthdays in January, February, March, etc.)
  • counting from 1 to 30 or higher
  • writing numbers
  • comparisons of greater than/less than
  • calendar concepts
  • estimating and measuring
  • using reasoning and problem-solving skills
  • basic explanations for scientific phenomena
Social/Emotional
They are learning about:
  • taking responsibility for the classroom or specific chores at home (recycling, emptying the trash cans, feeding the family pet)
  • conflict resolution and resolving their own problems
  • better self-control and recognizing appropriate behaviors
  • cooperating and compromising to keep playing with friend
  • recognizing and articulating emotions and motives
  • expressing empathy
  • individuality and recognizing similarities and differences about self and other
 
 
 
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